On December 1, 2025, Guwahati’s academic hub witnessed a major Cotton University ST protest as students rallied against the government’s proposal to grant Scheduled Tribe (ST) status to six communities in Assam. The demonstration, held outside Cotton University, has reignited debates about identity, representation, and social justice in the state.
Why Students Are Opposing the ST Status
The proposed inclusion of six communities—Tai Ahom, Moran, Motok, Koch Rajbongshi, Chutia, and Tea Tribes—into the ST category has been a contentious issue for years. Students argue that:
- Existing ST groups may lose benefits due to increased competition for reserved seats and jobs.
- Ethnic identity concerns could lead to social unrest and deepen divisions.
- Political motivations are driving the move, rather than genuine welfare considerations.
The Cotton University protest reflects a broader sentiment among youth who fear that the policy could destabilize Assam’s delicate social fabric.
Voices from the Protest
Student Leaders Speak Out
Student leaders emphasized that the government must consult existing ST communities before making such sweeping changes. “We are not against development, but fairness must prevail,” one protester said.
Academic Concerns
Professors and scholars at Cotton University have also raised alarms, warning that the move could dilute constitutional safeguards meant for marginalized groups.
Political Reactions
The protests have drawn sharp political responses:
- Opposition parties accused the ruling government of playing vote-bank politics ahead of elections.
- BJP leaders defended the proposal, calling it a “historic step” toward recognizing long-standing demands.
- Civil society groups remain divided, with some supporting inclusion and others warning of social conflict.
Historical Context
The demand for ST status by these six communities dates back decades. While commissions and committees have studied the issue, no consensus has been reached. The Cotton University protest is the latest chapter in this long struggle, highlighting how unresolved identity questions continue to shape Assam’s politics.
Impact on Assam’s Future
If the proposal is implemented, Assam’s demographic and political equations could shift dramatically:
- Reservation dynamics in education and employment would change.
- Tribal councils and representation could see new entrants, altering governance structures.
- Social cohesion may be tested as communities negotiate new identities.
This makes the Cotton University protest not just a campus issue, but a state-wide concern.
Challenges Ahead
Balancing Equity and Inclusion
The government faces the challenge of balancing demands for inclusion with the need to protect existing ST rights.
Preventing Social Unrest
With emotions running high, authorities must ensure dialogue and avoid escalation into violence.
Legal and Constitutional Hurdles
Any change in ST status requires constitutional amendments and parliamentary approval, making the process complex and time-consuming.
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The Cotton University protest is a reminder that youth voices matter in shaping policy. Citizens, policymakers, and civil society must engage in constructive dialogue to ensure that reforms are inclusive, fair, and sustainable.
- Students: Stay informed and participate in peaceful activism.
- Government: Prioritize consultation with all stakeholders before making decisions.
- Public: Demand transparency and accountability in policy-making.
The protests outside Cotton University highlight the deep complexities of identity politics in Assam. As the debate over ST status for six communities intensifies, the state stands at a crossroads. Will Assam embrace inclusive growth, or will unresolved tensions deepen divides?