The Indian government and the National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Isak-Muivah (NSCN-IM) are preparing to resume formal talks on the protracted Naga political issue. This development follows recent discussions between officials from the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and NSCN-IM leaders in Dimapur, Nagaland.
According to sources, A.K. Mishra, the Advisor for the North East in the MHA, met with NSCN-IM General Secretary and chief negotiator Thuingaleng Muivah, along with two senior leaders of the outfit. Both sides reportedly agreed to initiate formal negotiations at the earliest to advance the peace process.
The last official meeting between the Centre and NSCN-IM took place in October 2022. The upcoming discussions are expected to focus on unresolved issues, including the implementation of the 2015 Framework Agreement and the long-standing demand for a separate Naga flag and constitution.
Recent Developments in Naga Peace Talks
A.K. Mishra, who arrived in Nagaland on February 22, also held discussions with the Working Committee of the Naga National Political Groups (NNPGs) in Dimapur. The NNPGs, an alliance of seven Naga groups, signed an “Agreed Position” with the Indian government in 2017, marking a parallel negotiation process alongside NSCN-IM.
The NSCN-IM, which signed a ceasefire agreement with the Indian government in 1997, has been a key player in Naga peace negotiations for over two decades. The organization played a crucial role in the signing of the Framework Agreement on August 3, 2015, in New Delhi, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi overseeing the historic pact.
Despite these agreements, the peace process has faced obstacles due to differences over core demands. The NSCN-IM has remained firm on its insistence for a separate Naga flag and constitution, a demand that the Indian government has been reluctant to accept. Meanwhile, NNPGs have shown willingness to work within the constitutional framework of India, leading to divergent positions among Naga groups.
Historical Context: Key Recognitions of Naga Rights
During the 46th Raising Day celebration of NSCN-IM at its headquarters in Hebron, Vice Chairman Tongmeth Wangnao highlighted two key instances when the Indian government recognized Naga rights.
- Recognition of Naga History’s Uniqueness (July 11, 2002): The Indian government formally acknowledged the uniqueness of Naga history during peace talks held in Amsterdam. This recognition was a major milestone in negotiations between the Centre and NSCN-IM.
- Framework Agreement (August 3, 2015): Signed in New Delhi, the Framework Agreement was aimed at resolving the decades-old Naga conflict by addressing the political aspirations of the Naga people. However, its implementation has remained incomplete due to unresolved issues.
The NSCN-IM continues to emphasize these agreements as the foundation of its negotiations, pushing for a final settlement that aligns with these recognitions.
Challenges Ahead in the Naga Peace Process
Despite positive signals from both sides, the Naga political issue remains complex, with multiple challenges ahead:
- Demand for Separate Naga Flag and Constitution: The NSCN-IM has consistently demanded a distinct Naga identity, including a separate flag and constitution. The Indian government has so far rejected this demand, leading to an impasse in talks.
- Divergent Views Among Naga Groups: While the NSCN-IM seeks greater autonomy and recognition, the NNPGs have shown readiness to accept an agreement within India’s constitutional framework. This divide has slowed progress.
- Implementation of Agreements: The Framework Agreement and the Agreed Position have not yet been fully implemented, causing frustration among Naga communities. Ensuring a practical roadmap for implementation remains a key challenge.
- Trust Deficit: Decades of conflict and unfulfilled promises have resulted in skepticism among Naga civil society and political organizations. Confidence-building measures will be necessary for a successful resolution.
Renewed Talks Offer a Hopeful Path Forward
The upcoming talks between the Centre and NSCN-IM signal renewed efforts to resolve the Naga political issue. While challenges remain, the agreement to restart formal negotiations is a step in the right direction. Ensuring inclusive participation from all stakeholders, including NSCN-IM, NNPGs, and Naga civil society, will be crucial in achieving a lasting and mutually acceptable solution.
As both sides prepare to engage in fresh discussions, there is renewed hope that the decades-long Naga conflict can finally move toward a peaceful resolution.
